Protozoan colonization on artificial substrates in relation to water quality in a tropical Indian harbour

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎａｑｕａｔｉｃｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓａｒｅｒｅｍａｒｋａｂｌｙｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｉｎｂｏｔｈｔｈｅｉｒｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｔｏａｎｔｈｒｏｐｏｇｅｎｉｃａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ.Ｔｈｉｓｈａｓｌｅｄｍａｎｙｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｏｒｓｔｏｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙａｎｄｆｉｅｌｄｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｆｏｒｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｉｓｋｐｏｓｅｄｂｙｈｕｍａｎｓｔｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ(Ｃａｉｒｎｓ…     

高浓度阿维菌素生产废水治理与资源回收技术研究

采用预处理一厌氧水解－二段接触氧化工艺处理阿维菌素废水，在厌氧段停留时间为１０ｈ，好氧段停留时间为６ｈ条件下，厌氧好氧段ＣＯＤ总去除率达９１％，     

改进密切值法在湖泊富营养化评价中的应用

密切值法(Osculating Method)作为一种多目标优选方法,在水环境质量评价中具有一定的应用.经过改进,将各级营养级别作为评价样本,参与到湖泊水环境样本的矩阵中,引入目标差值率对初始矩阵进行规范化处理,并应用层次分析法,对各评价指标的贡献程度加以确定.将改进后的密切值法应用于湖泊富营养化评价中.经实例分析表明,该方法概念清晰、计算简便实用,保证了湖泊水环境质量评价的科学性,能较好地反映湖泊水环境质量的优劣,并使其与各级营养级别的关系一目了然.     

Reuse rate of treated wastewater in water reuse system

A water quality model for water reuse was made by mathematics induction. The relationship among the reuse rate of treated wastewater（R）, pollutant concentration of reused water（ Cs ）, pollutant concentration of influent（ C0）, removal efficiency of pollutant in wastewater（ E）, and the standard of reuse water were discussed in this study. According to the experiment result of a toilet wastewater treatment and reuse with membrane bioreactors, R would be set at less than 40%, on which all the concerned parameters could meet with the reuse water standards. To raise R of reuse water in the toilet, an important way was to improve color removal of the wastewater.     

废水处理实用公式的推导计算

介绍由一级动力学模式推导废水处理实用公式。文中探讨了２０℃降解速率系数Ｋ２０和温度修正系数θ，仅是某种水质和生化条件下的对应值，不能任意通用。     

Comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestions of thermal hydrolysis pretreated swine manure: Process performance, microbial communities and energy balance

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure (SM) commonly shows low biogas output and unsatisfactory economic performance. In this study, thermophilic AD (TAD, 50 ± 1 °C) was combined with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP, 170 °C/10 bar), to investigate its potential for maximizing biogas yield, securing successful digestion and microbial diversity, as well as improving energy balance. Four lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactors were operated for 300 days and compared with each other, i.e., reactor 1 (raw SM fed in mesophilic AD: RSM-MAD), reactor 2 (THP-treated SM fed in MAD: TSM-MAD), reactor 3 (RSM-TAD), and reactor 4 (TSM-TAD). The results showed that THP was efficient to increase methane production of SM, TSM-TAD mode led to the highest methane yield (129.8 ± 40.5 mL-CH₄/g-VS/day) among the tests (p < 0.05). Although TAD was more likely to induce free ammonia (> 700 mg/L) or volatile fatty acids (> 6000 mg/L) accumulation compared with MAD in start-up phase, TSM-TAD treatment mode behaved a sustainable digestion process in a long-term operation. For TSM-TAD scenario, higher Shannon–Weaver (3.873) and lower Simpson index (0.061) indicated this mode ensured and enlarged the diversity of bacteria communities. Phylum Bathyarchaeota was dominant (59.3%−90.0%) in archaea community, followed by Euryarchaeota in the four reactors. RSM-MAD treatment mode achieved the highest energy output (4.65 GJ/day), TSM-TAD was less effective (−17.38 GJ/day) due to increased energy demands. Thus improving the energetic efficiency of THP units is recommended for the development of TSM-TAD treatment mode.     

活性污泥数学模型中异养菌产率系数的测定研究

利用活性污泥数学模型预测污水生物处理系统,首先必须确定其参数和水质组分。采用间歇活性污泥法和呼吸计量法对活性污泥数学模型中异养菌产率系数γ_H进行测定研究。结果表明,间歇活性污泥法测定结果重现性较差,试验控制条件比较严格;呼吸计量法测定结果准确性较高,重现性良好,因而,呼吸计量法是比较可行的γ_H测定方法。     

农村劳动力区域流动基本特点研究

给出了农村劳动力流出、流入率的定义,计算了全国各省（市、区）的劳动力流出、流入率,分析了农村劳动力流出、流入率分布的三大特征,论证了农村劳动力流动的３个基本条件,即经济、文化和旅行能力。进一步阐述了农村劳动力流出率分布的基本特征,基于这些分析给出了政策性建议     

序批式反应器的水力停留时间的理论探讨

根据液龄分布函数是二元函数的观点．推导出了当进、出水流量是时间的函数时，反应器的水力停留时间的通用积分式和离散式；然后得出了序批式反应器(SBR）的水力停留时间(HRT)具体表达式，并分析了用现有方法计算其水力停留时间所产生的误差．结果表明，最大相对误差rmax仅与充水比λ有关．且呈正相关关系．取典型值λ=0．4时，rmax高达25％。     

水解酸化-序批式活性污泥法处理啤酒生产废水

根据啤酒废水的生产特点及水质特征 ,选择了水解酸化—序批式活性污染法处理工艺。该工艺运行结果表明 ,系统处理出水可以达到国家污水综合排放标准的一级标准。主要介绍了啤酒废水水质特点 ,处理工艺流程 ,主要构筑物技术参数及调试运行情况。